Schematic Volt: Automatic

Showing posts with label Automatic. Show all posts

Thursday, November 20, 2014

Automatic Battery Charger Circuit

Basically the circuit designed above have a very simple way of working, where the circuit is designed so that does not happen short circuit or short circuit between the voltage supply with batteries that will be in-charge.

It is true that if any one wants to try to direct mengghubungkan between supply with batteries then the batteries can be sure will be filled. But the current flowing through a charged battery can not be controlled and if the battery is full, the batteries will be damaged or worn out if it remains on the short circuit condition.

Working Principle Battery Charger

By the time we put an empty battery charging terminals, transistor Q1 will be activated immediately because the current flows through R1 and would trigger a transistor Q1 base. In this condition the flow that would fill the batteries mostly comes from the collector of Q1 is connected directly to the positive terminal of supply. Then during the charging process increases the battery voltage will increase the current flowing in Q2 base via 10 Kohm R5, VR1 and diode D2. VR1 is a component that is used as an initial calibration to determine the exact position in the planning process of switching circuit. For VR1 you can use a trimpot or potensio according to your taste. At the beginning of filling, arrange potensio at position D3 LED indicators on the condition of death, and the current flowing into the collector of Q1 is not too big and not too small.

If the battery is fully charged, the LED indicator will light up automatically because of an increase in voltage on the battery charge will cause the increase of current flowing at the base of transistor Q2 and will terminate the charging cycle due to transistor Q1 having a cut-off due to lack of base current. Why on condition Q1 base current will experience a shortage of this is because almost all the current flowing in R1 10 Kohm will switch to a diode D1 which is logically connected directly with ground experience due Q2 saturated.
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Component List
1. Resistors: R1 (10 Kohm), R2 (680 ohms), R3 (100 Kohm), R5 (10 Kohm) and VR1 (Potensio / trimpot = 100 Kohm)
2. Diodes: D1 & D2 (IN4002) and D3 (Led)
3. Transistors: Q1 and Q2 (2N3904)
4. 9 volt power supply

Wednesday, November 5, 2014

Automatic Switch For Audio Power Amplifier

Circuit of an automatic switch for audio power amplifier stage is presented here. The circuit uses stereo preamplifier output to detect the presence of audio to switch the audio power amplifier on only when audio is present. The circuit thus helps curtail power wastage. IC1 is used as an inverting adder. The input signals from left and right channels are combined to form a common signal for IC2, which is used as an open loop comparator. IC3 (NE556) is a dual timer. Its second section, i.e., IC3(b), is configured as monostable multivibrator. Output of IC3(b) is used to switch the power amplifier on or off through a Darlington pair formed by transistors T1 and T2. IC3(a) is used to trigger the monostable multivibrator whenever an input signal is sensed.

Circuit diagram:

Automatic Switch For Audio Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram

Under ‘no signal’ condition, pin 3 of IC2 is negative with respect to its pin 2. Hence the output of IC2 is low and as a result output of IC3(a) is high. Since there is no trigger at pin 8 of IC3(b), the output of IC3(b) will be low and the amplifier will be off. When an input singal is applied to IC1, IC2 converts the inverted sum of the input signals into a rectangular waveform by comparing it with a constant voltage which can be controlled by varying potentiometer VR1. When the output of IC2 is high, output pin 5 of IC3 goes low, thus triggering the monostable multivibrator. As soon as the audio input to IC1 stops, pin 5 of IC3 goes high and pin 1 of IC3 discharges through capacitor C3, thus resetting the monostable multivibrator.

Hence, as long as input signals are applied, the amplifier remains ‘on.’ When the input signals are removed, i.e., when signal level is zero, the amplifier switches off after the mono flip-flop delay period determined by the values of resistor R8 and capacitor C3. If no input signals are sensed within this time, the amplifier turns off—else it remains on. Power supply for the circuit can be obtained from the power supply of the amplifier. Hence, the circuit can be permanently fitted in the amplifier box itself. The main switch of the amplifier should be always kept on. Resistors R1 and R2 are used to divide single voltage supply into two equal parts.

Capacitors C1 and C2 are used as regulators and also as an AC bypass for input signals. Diode D1 is used so that loading fluctuations in power amplifier do not affect circuit regulation. Transisitor T2 acts as a high voltage switch which may be replaced by any other high voltage switching transistor satisfying amplifier current requirements. Value of resistor R10 should be modified for large current requirement. The LED glows when the amplifier is on. The circuit is very useful and relieves one from putting the amplifier on and off every time one plays a cassette or radio etc.

Wednesday, October 22, 2014

Automatic Curtain Opener

This circuit can be used with a timer clock to open and close curtains or (vertical) Venetian blinds. The curtain or blind is driven by an electric motor with a reduction gearbox fitted to the control mechanism of the curtain or blind. This circuit is ideal for giving your home an occupied appearance while you are away on holiday or for some other reason. In the author’s house, this arrangement has provided several years of trouble-free service on a number of windows fitted with Venetian blinds.

The original design was a simple relay circuit with pushbuttons for opening and closing and reed switches acting as limit switches. The mechanical drive is provided by a small DC motor with a reduction gearbox and pulley (all from Conrad Electronics). It was later modified to work automatically with a timer clock. The timer operates a small 230-VAC (or 120-VAC) relay with a changeover contact. Thanks to the two timers, the motor stops after a few seconds if one of the reed switches is missed due to a mechanical defect.

Circuit diagram :

Automatic Curtain Opener Circuit Diagram

The circuit works as follows (see Figure 1). In the quiescent state, relays RE1–RE3 are de-energised and the motor is stopped. Open the blind:

When the timer clock applies power to the 230-V (120-V) relay RE3, the voltage at the junction of C1 and R1 goes high. IC1 (a 555) then receives a trigger pulse on pin 2, which causes its output (pin 3) to go High and energise RE1, which in turn causes the motor to start running. When the magnet reaches reed switch S1 (‘Open’), the 555 is reset. If the reed switch does not operate for some reason, the relay is de-energised anyhow when the monostable times out (time delay = 1.1 RC; approximately 5 seconds). Close the blind:

The timer clock removes power from RE3, which causes a trigger pulse to be applied to the other 555 timer (IC2) via R5 and C4. Now the motor starts running in the other direction. The rest of the operation is the same as described above for opening the blind. Diodes D2 and D5 prevent the outputs of the 555 ICs from being pulled negative when the relay is de-energised, which could otherwise cause the timer ICs to malfunction.

All components of the mechanical drive come from Conrad Electronics [2]: a motor with a reduction gearbox (type RB32, order number 221936) and a pulley (V-belt pulley, order number 238341) on the output shaft. An O-ring is fitted to the pulley to provide sufficient friction with the drive chain of the Venetian blind. The magnet for actuating the reed switches is a rod magnet with a hole in the middle (order number 503659), and the chain of the Venetian blind is fed through this hole.

Author : Ton Smits - Copyright : Elekto

Monday, October 20, 2014

SP Semi Automatic Paintbrush

Got a replacement InkShield and progressing to build an Open hardware project? Then why not strive creating the Semi-Automatic Paintbrush. browse on to grasp a lot of concerning this.

Any work of art are often copied using this and therefore the elements that are needed to form this is often listed below:
IR camera
InkShield
Ink cartridge
IR LED.

The software thats run on a desktop for this purpose is understood as paintbrush.py. The software plays the role of mapping the camera focus with the co-ordinate system of the canvas. Four LEDs are placed at every corner of the canvas and therefore the mapping is calibrated by hitting a key when needed.

The region of the image is captured by tracking the motion of the LEDs. the mandatory commands are send to an Arduino with the InkShield by means that of a script written for this purpose. The script tells the arduino that nozzle to fireplace and additionally the grey level that must be achieved by the firing nozzle. so as to avoid flooding, the painted areas are tracked.

Thats all its. The paintbrush is complete. this is often a lot of of a fun-based project and may be tired some spare time using the elements mentioned earlier. the desired script is out there on github. The InkShield library employed by the

Automatic Lighting Aquarium Circuit Diagram

Imagine for aquarium lighting that gives a natural look, which is automatic and still use LED bulbs. That must cost a fortune, but even if you build a circuit of LED lighting that turns on automatically at sunset, off at dawn and switches the white, blue and green to give a different touch to the aquarium can get cheapie as in the above circuit.

The interrupt circuit uses an LDR light sensor as making automatic switching, activating IC1 CD4060 which is a binary counter with 10 outputs, mixing colors and creating a colorful beautiful to the bottom of the aquarium tank.

Automatic Lighting Aquarium Circuit Diagram

Thursday, September 25, 2014

Simplest Automatic Ni Cd Battery Charger Circuit Using IC 555

The 555 timer can conveniently function as the heart of an automatic Ni-Cd battery charger, the circuit is intended to maintain a full charge on a standby battery supply for an instrument that is always connected to the mains, whether in use or not. lt can also be used for the charger unit for pocket calculators, etc.
The circuit uses the timer’s two on-chip comparators, the flip flop and driver amplifier. A zener provides a reference voltage somewhere near the battery voltage with an allowance for adjustment.

The two potential divider networks supply the comparators with adjustable voltages, one for LOW (switch on) and the other for HlGH (switch off). When on, the output gives a maximum of 10V and when off gives GV, the maximum current is 150mA which is limited by the ·47 ohms and protected by the diode. The circuit is calibrated by substituting a variable voltage supply for the Ni-Cd batteries., The HIGH adjustment is set first so that the output switches off at the maximum battery voltage and then the LOW is set for minimum battery voltage. It is simplest to leave the output disconnected from the resistor until after the setting up procedure.