Schematic Volt

TDA4935 2x15W audio amplifier is high quality Siemens IC. The IC can be used in stereo or bridge mode. In stereo mode can deliver 15W Stereo audio Amplifier using TDA 4935 per channel in bridge mode can deliver 30W to an 8 ohm load at the source of 30V. TDA4935 requires very few external components and has an ample supply voltage range. The IC operates in class B and has built-in protection circuits over temperature and overload protection. 

Notes :

• The circuit must be assembled on a good quality PCB.
• TDA 4935 must be fitted with a proper heat sink.
• The supply voltage can be anything between 8 to 30V DC.
• Capacitors C1, C2, C8 are polyester capacitors.
• Capacitors C3, C4 and C6 are ceramic capacitors while C5 and C9 are electrolytic.

Via : circuitstoday.com

Installation of a building usually equipped with a safety short circuit current and current limiters. In the event of a short-circuit the safety fuse will break, and when the series occurred over the current-limiting load (MCB) will open the circuit so that circuit current flow to the inside of the building to be disconnected.

If it occurs in an electrical installation safety is a leakage current and current-limiting fuses can not provide security so that the power loss will occur continuously. Apart from that, if there are power users have a leakage current and untouched by humans, the safety will not be decided so that the electrical circuit is quite dangerous it would be safe if the installation is already installed grounding.

But when man-voltage electrical power users then all these safety devices can not be secured. For that installed a safety device, called an Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker or ELCB. This tool is able to decide the relationship string of leakage current in the event of 30 MA in a time of 0.1 seconds. Leakage current is intended to be through electrical components in the normal state of no voltage or phase conductor directly touched by humans.

How it Works chain of ELCB

ELCB separate chain consists of a magnetic coil and switch. This switch can be manually controlled electric and magnetic fields. If the position of liaison ELCB switch is closed, then the source voltage will flow gets the load. Magnet coils which will open the circuit to work when there is an electric current flowing in the coil. Magnet coil circuit that will open, works when there is an electric current flowing in the coil. ELCB magnet coil also called z. Travo, which normally do not get the voltage. If there is leakage current is z. Travo will work to open the circuit by pulling the main chain of the switch should be set up in advance for reuse and so on.

 It is true that if any one wants to try to direct mengghubungkan between supply with batteries then the batteries can be sure will be filled. But the current flowing through a charged battery can not be controlled and if the battery is full, the batteries will be damaged or worn out if it remains on the short circuit condition.

Working Principle Battery Charger

By the time we put an empty battery charging terminals, transistor Q1 will be activated immediately because the current flows through R1 and would trigger a transistor Q1 base. In this condition the flow that would fill the batteries mostly comes from the collector of Q1 is connected directly to the positive terminal of supply. Then during the charging process increases the battery voltage will increase the current flowing in Q2 base via 10 Kohm R5, VR1 and diode D2. VR1 is a component that is used as an initial calibration to determine the exact position in the planning process of switching circuit. For VR1 you can use a trimpot or potensio according to your taste. At the beginning of filling, arrange potensio at position D3 LED indicators on the condition of death, and the current flowing into the collector of Q1 is not too big and not too small.

If the battery is fully charged, the LED indicator will light up automatically because of an increase in voltage on the battery charge will cause the increase of current flowing at the base of transistor Q2 and will terminate the charging cycle due to transistor Q1 having a cut-off due to lack of base current. Why on condition Q1 base current will experience a shortage of this is because almost all the current flowing in R1 10 Kohm will switch to a diode D1 which is logically connected directly with ground experience due Q2 saturated.
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Component List
1. Resistors: R1 (10 Kohm), R2 (680 ohms), R3 (100 Kohm), R5 (10 Kohm) and VR1 (Potensio / trimpot = 100 Kohm)
2. Diodes: D1 & D2 (IN4002) and D3 (Led)
3. Transistors: Q1 and Q2 (2N3904)
4. 9 volt power supply

With good sound reproduction capabilities of 20Hz-20kHz is also included on this LM3886 Audio Power Amplifier. LM3886 Audio Power Amplifier is equipped with spike protection that will protect the output circuit from overvoltage, undervoltage, overloads, konrsleting power supply, thermal runawaydan peak temperature. Audio Power Amplifier LM3886 also features a noise reduction system which can keep the audio from the noise well.

Power supply with Z2C tubes are designed specifically to provide power supply voltage to the EL-34 tube amplifier push-pull in the previous article. Power supply with Z2C tube to tube power amplifier is made with a tube rectifier Z2C. Just as the power supply for power amplifier tube earlier, power supply also uses a filter 3 levels with kapsitor electrolyte. Circuit power supply with tube rectifier Z2C can give +210 VDC output voltage. A complete range of power supply for power amplifier tube can be seen in thethe following figure .

Z2C on the rectifier tube in power supply with tube above require a supply voltage for the filaments taken from the other side of the transformer secondary. Power supply with Z2C tube is a power supply that dapt used as a substitute power supply for power amplifier tubes .

ADC 207 is the first to use Flash Converting An Advanced High Speed ​​VLSI 1.2 micron CMOS process. The process that is able to do the ADC 207 as mentioned earlier is very great and makes the ADC 207 is unique. The speed of the process of this ADC has a good linearity and have a stable temperature. ADC 207 has a lower power consumption is 250 mW. ADC is working with +5 VDC voltage source and at a frequency of 20 MHz. ADC 207 has a small sampling time is 12nS, thus making the ideal sampling results. ADC 207 has 128 features auto balanced comparators with each conversion that serves to offset temperature and dynamic effects that exist. Resistor ladder in the ADC 207 has a mid point that is connected to an external voltage source and function in the conversion of 7-bit linearity. ADC 207 has 3 levels of output that is easy to connect it with external components.

Switching regulator subsystems intended for use asdc to dc converters. 3V to 40 Volt DC Converter circuit | The use of switching regulators is becoming more pronounced over that of linear regulators because the size reductions in new equipment designs require greater conversion efficiency. Another major advantage of the switching regulator is that it has increasednapplication flexibility of output voltage. The output can be less than, greater than, or of opposite polarity to that of the input voltage.

The MC34063 series is a monolithic control circuit containing all the active functions required for dc to dcconverters. This device contains an internal temperature compensated reference, comparator, controlled duty cycle oscillator with an active peak current limit circuit, driver, and a high current output switch. This series was specifically designed to be incorporated in step–up, step–down and voltage–inverting converter applications. These functions are contained in an 8–pin dual in–line package.