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Tuesday, November 4, 2014

How to Build a Electronic Telephone Ringer

How to Build a Electronic Telephone Ringer. This circuit produces a ringing sound similar to that made by more recent telephones. It consists of three almost identical oscillators connected in a chain, each generating a squarewave signal. The frequency of each oscillator depends on the RC combination: R4 and C1 around IC1.A, R8 and C2 around IC1.B and R12 and C3 around IC3.C.

The pairs of 100 kΩresistors divide the asym-metric power supply voltage (between 5 V and 30 V) so that, in conjunction with the 100 kΩfeedback resistors (R3, R7 and R11) either one third or two thirds of the supply voltage will be present at the non-inverting inputs to the opamps. The voltage across the capacitor therefore oscillates in a triangle wave between these two values.

Electronic Telephone Ringer Circuit Diagram:

The first oscillator is free-running at a frequency of approximately 1/3 Hz. Only when its output is high, and D1 stops conducting, can the second oscillator run. The frequency of the second oscillator is about 13 Hz, and optional LED D3 flashes when it is running. When the output of the second oscillator is low, the third is allowed to run. The frequency of the third oscillator is around 1 kHz, and this is the tone that is produced. The second oscillator is not absolutely necessary:

its function is just to add a little modulation to the 1 kHz tone. A piezo sounder is connected to the output of the third oscillator to convert the electrical signal into an acoustic one. The current consumption of the circuit is just under 1 mA with a 5V power supply, rising to about 1.65 mA with a supply volt-age of 15 V.

Saturday, October 25, 2014

How To Build Regulated Power Supply with Stability at 3A

The circuit was designed to build a Regulated Power Supply with Stability at 3A will provide a regulated voltage from 40 V to 70 V in a 3 A current.

2N3055 – a complementary Silicon Epitaxial-Base planar NPN transistor mounted in Jedec TO-3 metal case for use as power transistor.
BD243 – an epitaxial-base Silicon NPN transistor intended for wide variety of high speed switching and power amplifier applications such as series and shunt regulators, and driver and output stages of high-fidelity amplifiers.
BC303 – a PNP silicon planar epitaxial transistor used for AF drivers & outputs, for AF medium power amplifiers, and for switching applications up to 1 A.

There are times when some applications are requiring a regulated power supply that has relatively high output voltage and stability. All of these features are being attained in the design of this circuit. The voltage output of the circuit can range from 40 V up to 60 V while carrying a current of 3 A while providing stabilization. The construction of the circuit is very simple since the components used were available easily in the market. The only thing that matters is how the connection will be ensured.

During the operation, when the circuit is delivering 50 V up to 60 V, the transistor Q1 will be hot enough and would require a large heatsink. For voltage output higher than 50 V up to 70 V, the stability of the circuit may be found unsatisfactory. This is the reason why the ideal output voltage of the circuit is 45 V up to 60 V. In order to alter the output voltage from 40 V up to 70 V, a 470 Ohms potentiometer RV1 is used for the adjustments. However, the potentiometer may also be replaced by two constant resistors with suitable values when the circuit adjustment has been done. This is due to the fact that the use of a potentiometer may lead to a 3 V of over voltage.

As a reminder, the positive output of the circuit should be connected at point A while the 0 V output should be connected at point B. The 0 V reference should not be connected to the ground for the circuit to function properly. the use of this 3 A power supply with an average of 50 V circuit may be found on various applications that normally requires this rating.

Since this type of circuit is easily built, it is being utilized in industrial, educational, clinical, and laboratory facilities. It may come with different additional features such as reduced ripple & noise, overload protection, and short circuit & high current protection.

Wednesday, October 22, 2014

How to Make a Frequency Generator

How to Make a Frequency Generator. On cloud busters Fredbuster created a wonder tutorial for getting started and building your own Zapper. Fredbusters Tutorial in PDF-Based off his design here is how I made my frequency generator.

Frequency Generator Circuit Diagram

Parts Needed

1 Project box with PC board included,

1 Compositor 1 micro farad, C2, I like the un-polarized because it allows you not to worry about positive an negative sides. If you do get one with a longer leg thats the positive, see schematic for proper placement.

1 Compositor .01 micro farad, C1

1 LED 1-3 volt, small red ones. Remember the longer leg is the positive, connect properly,

1 Resistor 3.3k ohm, R1, It will say it on the upper part figuring out the colors is a pain. See photo below for product ID.

1 Resistor 3.9k ohm R4

1 Resistor 4.7k ohm R5

1 Resistor 1k ohm R3 for creating a body zapper with pennies,

1 resistor for R2 see Fredbusters PDF file for specific resistor for frequency. I use variable potentiometers because I like to set exact frequencies myself. I use 100k potentiometers, they give me a range from 6hz to 460hz when adjusting. You can see in the below photo I have both the large audio and micro potentiometers. The micro is used to be set at 15hz and the Audio is for creating variable.

1 on/off switch for the battery

1 toggle switch for the switching between 15hzand variable. Thats how I like to do mine.

1 555CN timer chip, make sure its the one that can handle up to 18 volts. The CMOS 555 can only handle low voltage and is easily shorted out.

1 8 pin IC Socket, just incase you burn out your 555 you can replace it without creating another circuit.

2 9 volt battery plugs, I like 2 because it lasts longer and has more amperage. One will do fin though.

Black and Red 22 gauge connecting wire, Make sure its the one with multiple threads of copper and not a solid one. Its easier to bend and move. The solid copper connecting wire is to kinky and breaks to easily, for my taste.

1 spool of Solder, The thinner the better, for getting into tight spaces and heats up better.

1 Solder Iron, A pin point will be needed for this circuit.

1 1/8" audio phone jack, I like them because they make the box look clean and its and easy size to attach to any other devices.

First we take the PC board that was included with the Black box and break it into a size we need.

Next we place the 8 pin bracket in the middle.

Notice on the back how I bend over the pins to hold it in place.

Next we attach R1 3.3k resistor. One end goes to pin 8 and the other to pin 7, I bend the legs over the pin then cut off 1/4" longer than the distance to the pin. the remaining 1/4" I bent over and stick in the pin hole. see schematic.

Here is how it looks on the back.

Next we attach Compositor C2 1.0 mf, and Compositor C1 0.001 mf. C2 connects to pin 6 and the base of C1. C1 connects to pin 5 and C2 base.

Here is how it looks on the back, notice how the base of C1 and C2 are twisted together.

Next we add R4 3.9k and R5 4.7k to the board.

Notice on the back the ends are twisted together and connected to Pin 3.

Here is when I added the 555 timer, make sure the black dot is in the upper left corner.

Using one of the wire ends I cut off from the excess of the resistors I connect Pin 2 to Pin 6. like so.

Now is when I start adding the wires to hook up the positive and negative connections.

Back of circuit.

Now for the wires that hook up to LED, Output jack and switches.

You can see how I soldered the connections together. Make sure you are clean and accurate. Other wise a lose connection or overlapping solder will cause the circuit not to work. This takes patients and time, dont rush it. If you do overlap a connection with solder, heat it up, use another wire to suck up the excess and then use a knife to remove the last bits. I heat the wires first then add the solder. Its cleaner once you get used to soldering. Takes practice.

Here is what the final circuit looks like before its place in a box. You can see the R2 I added here. I use a toggle switch to go back and forth between the set resistor and variable resistor. One end of the resistor is connected to R1 where it attaches to pin 7. The middle Pin on the Potentiometer is then connected to a toggle switch. The Middle switch pin is then connected to C2 where it attaches to pin 6. Using potentiometers allows you to set a frequency you want. In Fredbusterstutorial he gives you the specific resistor for specific frequency.

Here are links to four photos showing detailed enlargement of the circuit with the variable potentiometers added and how they are connected. This should explain how I connected the potentiometers.

http://www.ryanmcginty.com/orgone/frontcircuitlg.jpg

http://www.ryanmcginty.com/orgone/backcircuitlg.jpg

http://www.ryanmcginty.com/orgone/beforeboxback.jpg

http://www.ryanmcginty.com/orgone/beforebox.jpg

Next I begin placing the circuit into the box. I slip the LED wires thru to the outside because thats how you hook up this specific light. I used shrink tubing to seal the connection keeping them not from touching other wires.

You can see how I drilled the holes to fit each switch, LED and output jack. This is how I have the circuit placed inside the box. Notice the blank area to hold the two 9 volt batteries. I prefer two 9v because it allow the Freq Gen to run longer. About 14 days nonstop at 15hz.

And finally how the frequency box looks when finished. Notice I dont have penny electrodes because this box is only to power OR devices and not kill body parasites. Copy the circuit drawing above and you can have both.

Radioshack sells a digital voltage meter which has a setting for frequencies. It cost me about $50. It works great. All I do is connect the output from the generator to the meter’s input wires. Instantly it says the exact frequency the dial is tuned too. If you don’t have voltage meter and work around the house repairing things yourself this is a must have.

To put the set the frequencies I use my computer. I use the 1/8" stereo jack into my sound card, making sure the input volume is on low. Use a Sound generator program and match the tones. Make sure the sound wave is set to square. It takes time to get it right but it works.

On a good day it takes me 1 hour and half to make the whole thing. It will cost you about $40 to 45 in parts to make one like mine.

Sourced By: Ryan

Sunday, October 5, 2014

How to calculate the value of a resistor using the color coded stripes on the resisto

To calculate the value of a resistor using the color coded stripes on the resistor, use the following procedure.

Step One: Turn the resistor so that the gold or silver stripe is at the right end of the resistor.

Step Two: Look at the color of the first two stripes on the left end. These correspond to the first two digits of the resistor value. Use the table given below to determine the first two digits.

Step Three: Look at the third stripe from the left. This corresponds to a multiplication value. Find the value using the table below.

Step Four: Multiply the two digit number from step two by the number from step three. This is the value of the resistor n ohms. The fourth stripe indicates the accuracy of the resistor. A gold stripe means the value of the resistor may vary by 5% from the value given by the stripes.

Resistor Color Codes (with gold or silver strip on right end)

Follow the above procedure with the examples below and soon you will be able to quickly determine the value of a resistor by just a glance at the color coded stripes.

Examples

Example1:
You are given a resistor whose stripes are colored from left to right as brown, black, orange, gold. Find the resistance value.

Step One: The gold stripe is on the right so go to Step Two.

Step Two: The first stripe is brown which has a value of 1. The second stripe is black which has a value of 0. Therefore the first two digits of the resistance value are 10.

Step Three: The third stripe is orange which means x 1,000.

Step Four: The value of the resistance is found as 10 x 1000 = 10,000 ohms (10 kilohms = 10 kohms).

The gold stripe means the actual value of the resistor mar vary by 5% meaning the actual value will be somewhere between 9,500 ohms and 10,500 ohms. (Since 5% of 10,000 = 0.05 x 10,000 = 500)

Example2:
You are given a resistor whose stripes are colored from left to right as orange, orange, brown, silver. Find the resistance value.

Step One: The silver stripe is on the right so go to Step Two.

Step Two: The first stripe is orange which has a value of 3. The second stripe is orange which has a value of 3. Therefore the first two digits of the resistance value are 33.

Step Three: The third stripe is brown which means x 10.

Step Four: The value of the resistance is found as 33 x 10 = 330 ohms.

The silver stripe means the actual value of the resistor mar vary by 10% meaning the actual value will be between 297 ohms and 363 ohms. (Since 10% of 330 = 0.10 x 330 = 33)

Example3:
You are given a resistor whose stripes are colored from left to right as blue, gray, red, gold. Find the resistance value.

Step One: The gold stripe is on the right so go to Step Two.

Step Two: The first stripe is blue which has a value of 6. The second stripe is gray which has a value of 8. Therefore the first two digits of the resistance value are 68.

Step Three: The third stripe is red which means x 100.

Step Four: The value of the resistance is found as 68 x 100 = 6800 ohms (6.8 kilohms = 6.8 kohms).

The gold stripe means the actual value of the resistor mar vary by 5% meaning the actual value will be somewhere between 6,460 ohms and 7,140 ohms. (Since 5% of 6,800 = 0.05 x 6,800 = 340)

Example 4:
You are given a resistor whose stripes are colored from left to right as green, brown, black, gold. Find the resistance value.

Step One: The gold stripe is on the right so go to Step Two.

Step Two: The first stripe is green which has a value of 5. The second stripe is brown which has a value of 1. Therefore the first two digits of the resistance value are 51.

Step Three: The third stripe is black which means x 1.

Step Four: The value of the resistance is found as 51 x 1 = 51 ohms.

The gold stripe means the actual value of the resistor mar vary by 5% meaning the actual value will be somewhere between 48.45 ohms and 53.55 ohms. (Since 5% of 51 = 0.05 x 51 = 2.55)

Other Resistor Information

There are some more rules that may be useful when working with resistors. You do not need to know them but if you need a resistor with a value that you do not have, you my be able to use the following information to create the value of resistor you need.

First Rule for Resistors : Series Connection

When two resistors are connected in series, as shown in Figure 1, the new resistance between points A and B is R1 + R2.

Figure 1

The resistors add together. For example if R1 = 500 ohms and R2 = 250 ohms then the resistance between points A and B would be R1 + R2 = 500 + 250 = 750 ohms.

Second Rule for Resistors : Parallel Connection

When two resistors are connected in parallel, as shown in Figure 2, the new resistance is smaller than either R1 or R2. The new resistance between points A and B is (R1 x R2) / (R1 + R2).

Figure 2

For example, if R1 = 500 and R2 = 250 then the resistance between points A and B = (500 x 250) / (500 + 250) = (125,000) / (750) = 167 ohms. If R1 = R2 then the new resistance is just R1 / 2.

Wednesday, September 24, 2014

How to Reuse Old Cell Battery for LED lighting

Normally cell batteries have a shelf life of 2 to 5 years under normal use. After that time we have to replace them. Nowadays there replacement batteries which are cheap, but these batteries last for much less cost only months. An easy solution is to use batteries in a circuit that requires less current, we can use them for lighting LEDs.

How to Reuse Old Cell Battery for LED lighting

Tuesday, August 12, 2014

How to make a simple Speaker

Today Im going to tell you how to make a simple speaker.First of all you need a plastic cup,a Magnet,coil.Then turn coil around the magnet turn about 40 turns.Then after fix the magnet middle of the plastic cup.finally connect the wires to the out put of your radio set then you can listen the sound.

Note

# Before you switching on the radio check whether volume controller is in low position or not.Because If not the coil will be burnt.