Showing posts with label simple. Show all posts
Showing posts with label simple. Show all posts

Thursday, November 13, 2014

Simple FM Transmitter Circuit Schematic

This is a simplest FM transmitter circuit schematic with a single transistor. It build with a very few numbers of components include a transistor, few capacitors, resistors and a small microphone.

Circuit Diagram 

simple-fm-transmitter

Circuit Description

A S9014 NPN transistor is used here; you can use BC547 as an alternative of it. All the capacitor used in circuit is ceramic capacitor. Don’t be surprised with the supply voltage of 1.5 volt. Here you can use a single 1.5V AA battery cell, or a 3V battery that will be endurable for this this FM transmitter circuit. A small microphone used here is an electret condenser type microphone (see below). Must use at least a small antenna for a higher transmitting-range. Then try with a bigger antenna for increasing range. 

Transistor S9014 Pinout

S9014

Electret condenser type microphone

Electret


If you have any confusion about capacitor value, check this.
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Sunday, November 9, 2014

Very Simple Bench Amplifier

A small 325mW amplifier with a voltage gain of 200 that can be used as a bench amplifier, signal tracer or used to amplify the output from personal radios, etc. The circuit is based on the National Semiconductor LM386 amplifier. In the diagram above, the LM386 forms a complete non-inverting amplifier with voltage gain of x200. A datasheet in PDF format can be downloaded from the National Semiconductor website. The IC is available in an 8 pin DIL package and several versions are available; the LM386N-1 which has 325mW output into an 8 ohm load, the Lm386N-3 which has 700mW output and the LM386N-4 which offers 1000mW output. all versions work in this circuit. The gain of the Lm386 can be controlled by the capacitor across pins 1 and 8. With the 10u cap shown above, voltage gain is 200, omitting this capacitor and the gain of the amplifier is 20.

Finished project:


Circuit diagram:


The IC works from 4 to 12Volts DC, 12Volt being the maximum recommended value. The internal input impedance of the amplifier is 50K, this is shunted with a 22k log potentiometer so input impedance in this circuit will be lower at about 15k. The input is DC coupled so care must be taken not to amplify any DC from the preceeding circuit, otherwise the loudspeaker may be damaged. A coupling capacitor may included in series with the 22k control to prevent this from happening.

Source: Zen
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Tuesday, November 4, 2014

Simple Phono Preamplifier Circuit

in recent years, following CDs introduction, vinyl recordings are almost disappeared. Nevertheless, a phono preamplifier is still useful for listening old vinyl discs from a well preserved collection. This simple but efficient circuit devised for cheap moving-magnet cartridges, can be used in connection with the audio power amplifiers shown in these web pages, featuring low noise, good RIAA frequency response curve, low distortion and good high frequency transients behavior due to passive equalization in the 1 to 20 KHz range.

Phono Preamplifier Circuit diagram:
Preamplifier 
Parts:
R1 = 47K
R2 = 100R
R2 = 6.8K
R4 = 68K
R5 = 2.7K-1/2W
R6 = 2.7K-1/2W
R7 = 2.2K
R8 = 39K
C1 = 100uF-25V
C2 = 100uF-25V
C3 = 100uF-25V
C4 = 47nF-63V
C5 = 47nF-63V
D1 = BZX79C18
D2 = BZX79C18
Q1 = BC337
Q2 = BC327
J1 = RCA Jack
IC1 = LM833, Opamp

Notes:
  • R2, R3, R4, R7, R8, C4 & C5 should be low tolerance types.
  • Schematic shows left channel and power supply.
  • For stereo operation R1, R2, R3, R4, R7, R8; J1; C1, C4 & C5 must be doubled.
  • Numbers in parentheses show IC1 right channe

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Simple Fog Lamp Sensor

For several years now, a rear fog lamp has been mandatory for trailers and caravans in order to improve visibility under foggy conditions. When this fog lamp is switched on, the fog lamp of the pulling vehicle must be switched of to avoid irritating reflections. For this purpose, a mechanical switch is now built into the 13-way female connector in order to switch of the fog lamp of the pulling vehicle and switch on the fog lamp of the trailer or caravan. For anyone who uses a 7-way connector, this switching can also be implemented electronically with the aid of the circuit illustrated here.

Fog Lamp Sensor Circuit Diagram:

Sensor

Here a type P521 optocoupler detects whether the fog lamp of the caravan or trailer is connected. If the fog lamp is switched on in the car, a current flows through the caravan fog lamp via diodes D1 and D2. This causes the LED in the optocoupler to light up, with the result that the photo-transistor conducts and energies the relay via transistor T1. The relay switches of the fog lamp of the car. For anyone who’s not all thumbs, this small circuit can easily be built on a small piece of perforated circuit board and then fitted somewhere close to the rear lamp fitting of the pulling vehicle.


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Monday, November 3, 2014

Simple Sleeping Aid

Many people experienced sleeping well in natural surroundings, into a tent or a wooden hut. This fact is due not only to the healthy atmosphere but also from our unconscious ability to perceive natural Earths magnetic-fields. The circuit generates this type of Geo-magnetic-fields and lets us perceive them: in this manner our brain is surrounded by an ideal environment for a sound sleep. (N.B. Basic ideas for this circuit are coming from German papers).

Sleeping Aid Circuit diagram :





IC2C and IC2D generate two square waves at about 1.2 and 5 Hz respectively. These wave-forms are converted into 60µS pulses at the same frequencies by means of C5 & C6 and mixed at Q1 Base. This transistor drives the Radiator coil with a scalar series of pulses of 60µS length and 9V amplitude. IC1, IC2A & IC2B form the timer section.
 
C1 & R2 provide auto-reset of IC1 at switch-on. The internal oscillator of IC1 drives the 14 stage ripple counter and, after about 15 minutes, output pin 1 goes high. Pin 3 of IC2A goes low and stops IC2C & IC2D oscillation. If SW2 is left open (Alternate mode operation), after 15 minutes pin 1 of IC1 goes low, pin 3 of IC2A goes high and oscillators are enabled again.
 
If SW2 is closed (Stop mode operation), the first time output pin 1 of IC1 goes high, the internal oscillator of the IC is disabled by means of D1. Therefore the circuit remains off until a reset pulse is applied to pin 12 by means of P1 or when the whole device is switched-off and then restarted. The same thing occurs when SW1 is switched on 30 or 60 minutes positions, obviously changing time length.

IC2B drives pilot LED D2 which operates in the following three modes:
  • flashes quickly and almost randomly when the Radiator coil is driven
  • flashes somewhat slowly and regularly when the Radiator coil is pausing during the Alternate mode operation
  • is off when the circuit auto-stops (Stop mode operation)
Parts:

R1 = 1K 1/4W Resistors
R2 = 10K 1/4W Resistor
R3 = 10M 1/4W Resistors
R4 = 2M2 1/4W Resistors
R5 = 1K 1/4W Resistors
R6 = 10M 1/4W Resistors
R7 = 2M2 1/4W Resistors
R8 = 4K7 1/4W Resistors
R9 = 4K7 1/4W Resistors
C1 = 47µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C2 = 100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C3 = 330nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C4 = 330nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C5 = 15nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C6 = 15nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C7 = 47µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
D1 = 1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
D2 = LED (any type) (see Notes)
D3 = 1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
D4 = 1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
D5 = 1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
IC1 = 4060 14 stage ripple counter and oscillator IC
IC2 = 4093 Quad 2 input Schmitt NAND Gate IC
Q1 = BC327 45V 800mA PNP Transistor
L1 = Radiator coil (see Notes)
P1 = SPST Pushbutton
SW1 = 2 poles 4 ways rotary switch
SW2 = SPST Slider Switch
B1 = 9V PP3 Battery, Clip for PP3 Battery

Features:
  • Generates a natural electromagnetic-field
  • Makes easier to fall asleep
  • Induces a prolonged and sound sleep without drugs
  • No side effects
Use of this circuit:
  • Select a timing option by means of the rotary switch SW1.
  • Choose 15, 30 or 60 minutes operation.
  • Select "Stop" or "Alternate" mode operation by means of SW2.
  • With SW2 closed (Stop mode operation) the electromagnetic radiation stops after the pre-set time is elapsed.
  • With SW2 opened (Alternate mode operation) the device operates for the pre-set time, then pauses for the same amount of time: this cycle repeats indefinitely.
  • Place the unit under the pillow and sleep like a log.
  • To reset a cycle press P1 pushbutton.
Notes:
  • L1 is obtained by winding randomly 600 turns of 0.2 mm. enameled wire on a 6 mm. diameter, 40 mm. long, steel bolt. Secure the winding with insulating tape.
  • Mean current drawing is about 7mA, decreasing to less than 4mA during pauses when in Alternate mode operation.
  • Battery life can be dramatically increased omitting LED D2 and its associated resistor R5.
  • Use a plastic box to enclose the circuit: metal cases can severely limit electromagnetic radiation.
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Wednesday, October 29, 2014

Beat frequency Oscillator Simple Metal Detector Schematic

Beat-frequencyThis simple metal detector requires alone a scattering of apparatus and an evening’s work. Congenital about a cmos4011 IC, is actual able-bodied and versatile. The 250 kHz advertence oscillator is congenital with two gates (U1/1 and U1/2), C1, R1 and P1. The chase oscillator uses alone one aboideau (U1/3), two capacitors and the chase coil. The outputs of the two oscillators are fed to the fourth aboideau acting as a mixer and filtered with C4.

After assembly, affix the headphones and boring about-face P1. The angle will get lower until it disappears. Continuing to circle P1 in the aforementioned administration will account the angle to acceleration again. The point at witch the angle is the everyman and disappears is alleged “zero beat”. If you can not get this aught exhausted abundance for the absolute about-face of P1 you may accept to baddest altered ethics for C1.

Turn P1 abutting to the aught exhausted position, again move the chase braid abreast a brownish object. The accent should change, depending on the admeasurement and ambit of the metal.

Note that this simple detector’s achievement is not commensurable to added avant-garde bartering products. It will alone ascertain about ample brownish altar at a abbreviate distance. Coins and added baby altar will be abundant harder to find!

Here the Beat-frequency Oscillator Simple Metal Detector Schematic Part List :

  • U1: CD4011 (Quad 2-input NAND Gate)
  • U2: LM78L05 (5V Regulator IC)
  • R1: 2.2k 5% resistor
  • R3: 330k 5% resistor
  • R4: 270k 5% resistor
  • R5: 1k 5% resistor
  • C1: 390pF NPO capacitor
  • C2, C3: 10nF
  • C4: 100nF
  • C5: 100uF/16V electrolytic
  • C6: 220uF/16V electrolytic
  • C7: 100nF ceramic
  • P1: 4.7k lin. potentiometer
  • L1: 22cm diameter, 14 turns, AWG 26
  • K1: SPDT toggle switch
  • J1: Headphone jack 1/4 or 1/8 inch
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Saturday, October 25, 2014

Simple AM Radio Receiver Diagram Circuit

This circuit is essentially an amplified crystal set. The inductor could be a standard AM radio ferrite rod antenna while the tuning capacitor is a variable plastic dielectric gang, intended for small AM radios. The aerial tuned circuit feeds diode D1 which functions as the detector. A germanium type is far preferable to a silicon signal diode because its lower forward voltage enables it to work with smaller signals. The detected signal from the diode is filtered to remove RF and the recovered audio is fed to a 2-transistor stage which drives a set of 32O phones from a Walkman-style player.

Circuit diagram:
Simple AM Radio Receiver Circuit Diagram
Author: Peter Goodwin
Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics
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Simple Stereo VU Meter

I like to see lights move to music. This project will indicate the volume level of the audio going to your speakers by lighting up LEDS. The LEDS can be any color so mix them up and really make it look good. The input of the circuit is connected to the speaker output of your audio amplifier. You want to build two identical units to indicate both right and left channels. The input signal level is adjusted by the 10k ohm VR. If you wish to make a very large scale model of this unit and hang it on your wall there is an optional output transistor that can drive many LEDS at once. The unit I built drove three LEDS for each output. The sequence of the LEDS lighting are as follows Pin 1, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10.


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Simple Electro meter circuit

This is a simple electro meter circuit.This circuit will detect electrostatic charge from the any material such plastic,comb etc.
It can measure up to 30 cm from the target material.
To use this circuit first adjust R2 when the antenna near the material until Amp meter read 1 mA. Link


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Simple Audio Peak Detector

This audio peak detector allows a pair of stereo channels to be monitored on a sin-gle LED. Identical circuitry is used in the left and right channels. Use is made of the switch-ing levels of Schmitt trigger NAND gates inside the familiar 4093 IC. The threshold level for gate IC1.A (IC1.B) is set with the aid of preset P1, which supplies a high-impedance bias level via R2 (R1). 

Simple Audio Peak Detector Circuit diagram :
Simple Audio Peak Detector-Circuit-Diagram
Simple Audio Peak Detector Circuit Diagram 
When, owing to the instantaneous level of the audio signal superimposed on the bias voltage by C3 (C2), the dc level at pins 1 and 2 (5 and 6) of the Schmitt trigger gate drops below a certain level, the output of IC1.A (IC1.B) will go High. This level is copied to the input of IC1.C via D2 (D1) and due to the inverting action of IC1.C, LED D3 will light. Network R3-C1 provides some delay to enable very short audio peaks to be reliably indicated. Initially turn the wiper of P1 to the +12 V extreme — LED D3 should remain out. 

Then apply ‘line’ level audio to K1 and K3, preferably music with lots of peaks (for example, drum ‘n bass). Carefully adjust P1 until the peaks in the music are indicated by D3. The circuit has double RCA connectors for the left and right channels to obviate the use of those rare and expensive audio splitter (‘Y’) cables. 


Author : Flemming Jensen – Copyright : Elektor Electronic
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Simple DC Fan Controller

This circuit is ideal to control the cooling fan of heat generated electronic gadgets like power amplifiers. The circuit switches on a fan if it senses a temperature above the set level. The fan automatically turns off when the temperature returns to normal.

The circuit uses an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) Thermister to sense heat. NTC Thermister reduces its resistance when the temperature in its vicinity increases.IC1 is used as a voltage comparator with two potential dividers in its inputs. Resistor R1 and VR1 forms one potential divider connected to the non inverting input of IC1 and another potential divider comprising R2 and the 4.7K Thermister supplying a variable voltage to the inverting input of IC1. VR1 is adjusted so as to give slightly lesser voltage at the non inverting input than the inverting input at room temperature.

DC Fan Controller Circuit

In this state, output of IC1 will be low and the Fan remains off. When the temperature near the Thermister increases, its resistance decreases and conducts. This drops the voltage at pin 2 of IC1 and its output becomes high. T1 then triggers and fan turn on. Red LED indicates that fan is running. Capacitor C1 gives a short lag before T1 turns on to avoid false triggering and to give proper bias to T1.DC fan can be the one used in Computer SMPS.

Keep the Thermistor near the heat sink of the Amplifier PCB and switch on the amplifier for 10 minutes. Then adjust VR1 till the Fan stop running.When the temperature rises, Fan will automatically switch on. 
 
 
Sourced by : Link
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Simple Melody Generator Circuit Diagram

Here is the simplest melody generator circuit you can make using an IC.The UM66 series are CMOS IC’s designed for using in calling bell, phone and toys. It has a built in ROM programmed for playing music. The device has very low power consumption.Thanks for the CMOS technology.The melody will be available at pin3 of UM66 and here it is amplified by using Q1 to drive the speaker.Resistor R1 limits the base current of Q1 within the safe values.Capacitor C1 is meant for noise suppression.



Parts:

R1 = 4.7K
IC = UM66T
Q1 = 2N2222
C1 = 10uF-16v
S1 = On/Off Switch
B1 = 1.5 - 4.5 Battery
SP = 2R Speaker

Notes:
  • Power supply must be between 1.5V & 4.5V .Do not exceed 4.5 V.
  • Speaker can be driven with external NPN transistor.
  • Melody begins from the first note if power is reseted.
  • Assemble the circuit on a good quality common board.

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Thursday, October 23, 2014

Simple Precision Metronome Pitch generator Circuits Diagram

Precision Metronome & Pitch generator Circuits Diagram

Precision Metronome & Pitch generator Circuits Diagram

Parts:

R1__________1M  1/4W Resistor
R2_________22K  1/4W Resistor
R3__________6K8 1/4W Resistor
R4__________4K7 1/4W Resistor
R5_________47K  1/4W Resistor
R6________100K  1/4W Resistor
R7_________39K  1/4W Resistor
R8_________12K  1/4W Resistor
 
C1_________47pF  63V Ceramic Capacitor
C2_______2-22pF  63V Ceramic Trimmer
C3________470pF  63V Ceramic Capacitor
C4_________10pF  63V Ceramic Capacitor
C5________100nF  63V Polyester Capacitor
C6________220nF  63V Polyester Capacitor
C7_________22µF  25V Electrolytic Capacitor
 
D1-D15___1N4148  75V 150mA Diodes
 
IC1________4060  14 stage ripple counter and oscillator IC
IC2________4082  Dual 4 input AND gate IC
IC3________4520  Dual binary up-counter IC
IC4________4518  Dual BCD up-counter IC
IC5________4046  Micropower Phase-locked Loop IC
IC6________4040  12 stage ripple counter IC
 
Q1________BC337  45V 800mA NPN Transistor
 
XTAL______2.4576 MHz Miniature Quartz crystal
 
SW1__________BCD Miniature Thumbwheel Switch (units)
SW2__________BCD Miniature Thumbwheel Switch (tens)
SW3__________BCD Miniature Thumbwheel Switch (hundreds)
SW4_________SPST Slider Switch (On-off)
SW5_________SPDT Slider Switch (Metronome-Pitch)
 
SPKR_______8 Ohm, 50 mm. Loudspeaker
 
B1_________9V PP3 Battery
 
Clip for 9V PP3 Battery
 

Circuit operation:

CMos IC1 and IC2B quad AND gate form a 2.4576 MHz crystal oscillator plus a 2400 times divider. IC3A provides further division by 16, delivering a 64 Hz stable frequency square wave. This frequency is multiplied (by means of Phase Locked Loop IC5, double decade divider IC4 and IC3B 4 bit binary divider) by the number set by three miniature BCD thumbwheel switches SW1, SW2 and SW3: units, tens and hundreds respectively.

Connecting, by means of SW5, Q1 base to pin 2 of IC6, we obtain (after a 64 times division) the same frequency set by thumbwheel switches with quartz precision, and no need for a scale indicator.
Volume regulation of the pitch generator is obtained trimming resistor R5. In the same way, with SW5 set to metronome, the small speaker reproduces the frequency set by thumbwheel switches but divided by 3840, thus obtaining beats per minute ratio.
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Wednesday, October 22, 2014

Simple Electrification Unit

The circuit is intended for carrying out harmless experiments with high-voltage pulses and functions in a similar way as an electrified fence generator. The p.r.f. (pulse repetition frequency) is determined by the time constant of network R1-C3 in the feedback loop of op amp IC1a: with values as specified, it is about 0.5 Hz. The stage following the op amp, IC1b, converts the rectangular signal into narrow pulses. Differentiating network R2-C4, in conjunction with the switching threshold of the Schmitt trigger inputs of IC1b, determines the pulse period, which here is about 1.5 ms. The output of IC1b is linked directly to the gate of thyristor THR1, so that this device is triggered by the pulses.

The requisite high voltage is generated with the aid of a small mains transformer, whose secondary winding is here used as the primary. This winding, in conjunction with C2, forms a resonant circuit. Capacitor C3 is charged to the supply voltage (12 V) via R3.When a pulse output by IC1b triggers the thyristor, the capacitor is discharged via the secondary winding. The energy stored in the capacitor is, however, not lost, but is stored in the magnetic field produced by the transformer when current flows through it. When the capacitor is discharged, the current ceases, whereupon the magnetic field collapses. This induces a counter e.m.f. in the transformer winding which opposes the voltage earlier applied to the transformer.

Circuit diagram:Simple Electrification Unit Circuit Diagram
Simple Electrification Unit Circuit Diagram

This means that the direction of the current remains the same. However, capacitor C2 is now charged in the opposite sense, so that the potential across it is negative. When the magnetic field of the transformer has returned the stored energy to the capacitor, the direction of the current reverses, and the negatively charged capacitor is discharged via D1 and the secondary winding of the transformer. As soon as the capacitor begins to be discharged, there is no current through the thyristor, which therefore switches off. When C2 is discharged further, diode D1 is reverse-biased, so that the current loop to the transformer is broken, whereupon the capacitor is charged to 12 V again via R3. At the next pulse from IC1b, this process repeats itself.

Since the transformer after each discharge of the capacitor at its primary induces not only a primary, but also a secondary voltage, each triggering of the thyristor causes two closely spaced voltage pulses of opposite polarity. These induced voltages at the secondary, that is, the 230 V, winding, of the transformer are, owing to the higher turns ratio, much higher than those at the primary side and may reach several hundred volts. However, since the energy stored in capacitor C2 is relatively small (the current drain is only about 2 mA), the output voltage cannot harm man or animal. It is sufficient, however, to cause a clearly discernible muscle convulsion.




Author: P. Lay
Copyright: Elektor Electronics
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Monday, October 20, 2014

Simple Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator

Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator circuit can be used to charge batteries from a solar cell array. The circuit consists of an oscillator, a DC-DC step-up or ‘boost’ converter and a regulator that pro-vides regulation of the output voltage.The oscillator is built around a hex Schmitt trigger inverter IC, the 40106B, one resistor, R1, inserted between the input and the output of one of the gates in the 40106 to supply charge to C3. Depending on the values of resistor R1 and capacitor C3 you’re using in the circuit, the oscillator will operate at different frequencies, but a frequency below 100 kHz is recommended. 

By consequence, the oscillator frequency should not exceed the maximum ripple frequency of capacitor C2 connected on the output. C2 should be an electrolytic capacitor with a DC working voltage larger than the desired output voltage. Besides, it should have a low ESR (equivalent series resistance). 

Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Circuit Diagram :

IC1A is used as a buffer, ensuring that the oscillator sees a light, fairly constant load and so guaranteeing that the output frequency remains stable (within limits, of course). VCC of the Schmitt trigger can be connected directly to the battery charged, provided the charged batter y voltage does not exceed the max. or min. limits of the Schmitt trigger’s supply voltage. This ensures the Schmitt trigger can operate even if little power is obtained from the solar cell array. 

When transistor T2 is turned on, (output from oscillator buffer IC1A is high), a collector current flows through inductor L1 which stores the energy as a magnetic field and creates a negative voltage VL1. When transistor T2 is switched off, (output from oscillator buffer IC1A is low), the negative voltage VL1 switches polarity and adds to the voltage from the solar cell array. Consequently, current will now flow trough the inductor coil L1 via diode D1 to the load (capacitor C2 and possibly the battery), irrespective of the output voltage level. 

Capacitor C2 and/or the battery will then be charged. So, in the steady state the out-put voltage is higher than the input voltage and the coil voltage VL1 is negative, which leads to a linear drop in the current flowing through the coil. In this phase, energy is again transferred from the coils to the out-put. Transistor T2 is turned on again and the process is repeated. A type BC337 (or 2N2222) is suggested for T2 as it achieves a high switching frequency. Inductor L1 should have a saturation current larger than the peak current; have a core material like ferrite (i.e. high-frequency) and low-resistance. Diode D1 should be able to sustain a forward current larger than the maxi-mum anticipated current from the source. It should also exhibit a small forward drop and a reverse voltage spec that’s higher than the output voltage. If you can find an equivalent Schottky diode in the junk box, do feel free to use it. 

The most important function of the shunt regulator around T1 is to protect the batteries from taking damage due to overcharging. Besides, it allows the output voltage to be regulated. Low-value resistor R3 is switched in parallel with the solar cell array by T1 so that the current from the solar cell array flows through it. Zener diode D2 is of course essential in this circuit as its zener voltage limits the output voltage when T1 should be turned on, connecting the solar cell array to ground via R3. In this way, there is no input voltage to the boost converter and the battery cannot be overcharged. 

Sealed lead-acid (SLA) batteries with a liquid electrolyte produce gas when over-charged, which can ultimately result in damage to the battery. So, it’s important to choose the right value for zener diode D2. Special lead-acid batteries for solar use are available, with improved charge-discharge cycle reliability and lower self-discharge than commercially-available automotive batteries. 

Finally, never measure directly on the out-put without a load connected the ripple current can damage your voltmeter (unless it’s a 1948 AVO mk2). Link
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Simple Programmer AVR Your USB Circuit Diagram

Simple Programmer AVR Your USB Circuit Diagram

This Simple Programmer AVR Your USB Circuit Diagram is a design of a programmer Atmel AVR microcontrollers that uses a driver firmware that makes the programmer is attractive to many amateurs. Another advantage of this programmer and becomes popular is because it is officially included and supported in WinAVR.



AVR programmer via USB


You can download PCB and various circuit configurations directly from the website http://www.fischl.de/usbasp/.

Scheme

PC connection -> USBasp -> Target Board


 Programmer AVR Your USB Circuit Diagram

Simple Programmer AVR Your USB Circuit Diagram


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Simple Auto Power Off

We are surrounded by battery operated equipment of all kinds, and this array is growing still. Manufacturers and designers lean over backwards to make sure that their equipment draws a small current and can thus be operated by a battery. This has its flip side, too. because even if the equipment in question draws only a small current, when it is not switched off, the battery is flat after a few days or weeks. The circuit presented here can prevent this happening. It may be added to all kinds of equipment operating from a 9 V battery and switches this off automatically one minute after a preset time has elapsed. The peak switching current is 20 mA, which is more than enough for most applications.

 Circuit diagram:

The switch is formed by a p-n-p darlington, T1, which is actuated by push-button switch S1. The very high amplification of the darlington enables it to be kept on fairly long with the aid of a relatively small-value capacitor, C1 (= 100 µF). Resistor R3 limits the charging current of C1 to ensure a long life of S1. Resistors R1 and R2, in conjunction with C1, determine the switch-on time. When this time has elapsed, R1 ensures that T1 is switched off. Since the darlington can handle a UBE of –10 V, a polarity protection diode is not needed.




Author:H. Bonekamp
Copyright: Elektor ELectronics
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Saturday, October 18, 2014

Simple Bar Display With Alarm Flasher Schematic

Hello Freinds ! Here designed SIMPLE BAR DISPLAY WITH ALARM FLASHER . Schematic: Return to Display Circuits. By using two switching transistors and two LEDs, this circuit can distinguish low-level ac and dc signals. If the red LED illuminates, the signal is positive dc. If the yellow LED lights, the signal is negative dc. If the signal is ac, both LEDs will light.
 
Circuit Schematic
 
 
Simple Bar Display With Alarm Flasher Schematic
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Wednesday, October 1, 2014

Simple LED Voltmeter Circuit

This LED voltmeter circuit, although simple, is capable of accurate voltage measurement. The input is applied to the high impedance input of lC1 via the attenuator comprising of R1 to R5 inclusive.
Since this IC is used as a unity gain buffer, the output at pin 6 is equal to the input voltage at pin 3, but at a low impedance. lC2 is connected as a comparator driving a pair of LEDs, D1 and D2. The inverting input samples a portion of the unknown input voltage, whilst the non—inverting input is connected to a 1V reference obtained from the stable voltage across ZD1. ln use RV1 is adjusted till D2 just illuminates. At this point, if the control knob is of the 0 - 10 calibrated type, the pointer will indicate the input voltage. ‘   For example, with SW1 in position 2, and with a reading of 2 on RV1, the input voltage will be 2V. With a little practice, the     voltage can be read to 1-2%, comparable to a moving coll instrument. The input lmpedance on all ranges is 3.2M.

  The circuit shows how an LM39OON amplifier may be employed to compare two input voltages and to indicate the result by means of a small lamp. lf the input voltage connected to the non- inverting input is appreciably more positive than the other input, the output of the amplifier will provide a positive voltage which renders the TR2conducting. The lamp will then be illuminated. One of the inputs may be a reference voltage so that one can then compare a single input voltage against this constant reference.

 
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Friday, September 26, 2014

Ultra Simple Microphone Preamplifier

This little project came about as a result of a design job for a client. One of the items needed was a mic preamp, and the project didnt warrant a design such as the P66 preamp, since it is intended for basic PA only. Since mic preamps are needed by people for all manner of projects, this little board may be just whats needed for interfacing a balanced microphone with PC sound cards or other gear. Unlike most of my boards, this one is double-sided. I normally avoid double-sided PCBs for projects because rework by those inexperienced in working with them will almost certainly damage the board beyond repair.
I consider this not to be an issue with this preamp, because it is so simple. It is extremely difficult to make a mistake because of the simplicity. As you can see, the board uses a PCB mounted XLR connector and pot, so is a complete mic preamp, ready to go. Feel free to ignore the terminals marked SW1 (centred between the two electrolytic supply caps), as they are specific to my clients needs and are not useful for most applications. The original use was to use them for a push-button switch that activated an audio switch via a PIC micro-controller. They are not shown on the schematic.
 P12-pic

The DC, GND and output terminals may be hard wired to the board, you may use PCB pins or a 10-way IDC (Insulation Displacement Connector) and ribbon cable. Power can be anything between +/-9V and +/-18V with an NE5532 opamp. The mic input is electronically balanced, and noise is quite low if you use the suggested opamp. Gain range is from about 12dB to 37dB as shown. It can be increased by reducing the value of R6, but this should not be necessary. Because anti-log pots are not available, the gain control is not especially linear, but unfortunately in this respect there is almost no alternative and the same problem occurs with all mic preamps using a similar variable gain control system.
P12-f1

The circuit is quite conventional, and if 1% metal film resistors are used throughout it will have at least 40dB of common mode rejection with worst-case values. The input capacitors give a low frequency rolloff of -3dB at about 104Hz. If better low frequency response is required, these caps may be increased to 4.7uF or 10uF bipolar electrolytics. These will give response to well below 10Hz if you think youll ever need to go that low. The project PCB measures 77 x 24mm, and the mounting centers for the pot and XLR connector are spaced at 57mm. If preferred, a traditional chassis mounted female XLR can be used, and wired to the board with heavy tinned copper wire. The PCB pads for the connector are in the correct order for a female chassis mount socket mounted with the "Push" tab at the top.
source: www.sound.westhost.com
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